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Robert Hare's Web Site devoted to the study of Psychopathy

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New studies on psychopathy are being published at an ever increasing rate. In the past, a large update would be done to our reference list every few months, with each update including between 125-180 new references. New references will now be posted here as they become available. A major update to our Main Reference List and Download files will be done every few months.

New references since our last Major Update:


July 30, 2010

Bouman, Y. H. A., de Ruiter, C., & Schene, A. H. (2010). Social ties and short-term self-reported delinquent behaviour of personality disordered forensic outpatients. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15(2), 357-372.

Chakhssi, F., de Ruiter, C., & Bernstein, D. (in press). Change during forensic treatment in psychopathic versus nonpsychopathic offenders. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology.

Lindsay, W. R., Taylor, J. L., Hogue, T. E., Mooney, P., Steptoe, L., & Morrissey, C. (2010). Relationship between assessed emotion, personality, personality disorder and risk in offenders with intellectual disability. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 17(3), 385-397.

Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Glover, N. G., Derefinko, K. J., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (2010). The search for the successful psychopath. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 554-558.

Singh, J. P., & Fazel, S. (2010). Forensic risk assessment: A metareview. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(9), 965-988.

UPDATED: Glenn, A. L., Yang, Y., Raine, A., & Colletti, P. (2010). No volumetric differences in the anterior cingulate of psychopathic individuals. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 183(2), 140-143.

UPDATED: Lloyd, C. D., Clark, H. J., & Forth, A. E. (2010). Psychopathy, expert testimony, and indeterminate sentences: Exploring the relationship between Psychopathy Checklist-Revised testimony and trial outcome in Canada. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 15(2), 323-339.



July 20, 2010

Blair, R. J. R. (2010). Psychopathy, frustration, and reactive aggression: The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex. British Journal of Psychology, 101(3), 383-399.

Blair, R. J. R. (2010). Author response: Reactive aggression and functional, not neural, specificity. British Journal of Psychology, 101(3), 407-410.

Gawda, B. (2010). Syntax of emotional narratives of persons diagnosed with Antisocial Personality. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 39(4), 273-283.

Glenn, A. L., Yang, Y., Raine, A., & Colletti, P. (in press). No volumetric differences in the anterior cingulate of psychopathic individuals. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging.

Harenski, C. L., & Kiehl, K. A. (2010). Commentary - Reactive aggression in psychopathy and the role of frustration: Susceptibility, experience, and control. British Journal of Psychology, 101(3), 401-406.

Li, J. J., & Lee, S. S. (2010). Latent class analysis of Antisocial Behavior: Interaction of serotonin transporter genotype and maltreatment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(6). 789-801.

UPDATED: Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (2010). Limitations of diagnostic precision and predictive utility in the individual case: A challenge for forensic practice. Law and Human Behavior, 34(4), 259-274.

UPDATED: Fairchild, G., Stobbe, Y., van Goozen, S. H. M., Calder, A. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (2010). Facial expression recognition, fear conditioning, and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 68(3), 272-279.



July 5, 2010

Beggs, S. (in press). Within-treatment outcome among sexual offenders: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior.

Hilton, N. Z., Harris, G. T., Popham, S., & Lang, C. (2010). Risk assessment among incarcerated male domestic violence offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(8), 815-832.

Jonason, P. K., & Tost, J. (in press). I just cannot control myself: The Dark Triad and self-control. Personality and Individual Differences.

Jones, N. J., Brown, S. L., & Zamble, E. (2010). Predicting criminal recidivism in adult male offenders: Researcher versus parole officer assessment of dynamic risk. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(8), 860-882.

Stillman, T. F., & Baumeister, R. F. (in press). Guilty, free, and wise: Determinism and psychopathy diminish learning from negative emotions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

Swogger, M.T., Walsh, Z., Houston, R.J., Cashman-Brown, S., & Conner, K.R. (2010). Psychopathy and Axis I psychiatric disorders among criminal offenders: Relationships to impulsive and proactive aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 36(1), 45-53.

Vitacco, M. J., Neumann, C. S., & Caldwell, M. F. (2010). Predicting antisocial behavior in high-risk male adolescents: Contributions of psychopathy and instrumental violence. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(8), 833-846.

UPDATED: Osumi, T., & Ohira, H. (2010). The positive side of psychopathy: Emotional detachment in psychopathy and rational decision-making in the ultimatum game. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 451-456.



June 24, 2010

Poythress, N. G., Lilienfeld, S. O., Skeem, J. L., Douglas, K. S., Edens, J. F., Epstein, M., & Patrick, C. J. (2010). Using the PCL-R to help estimate the validity of two self-report measures of psychopathy with offenders. Assessment, 17(2), 206-219.

Seto, M. C., & Lalumière, M. L. (2010). What is so special about male adolescent sexual offending? A review and test of explanations through meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136(4), 526-575.

Walters, G. D., & Heilbrun, K. (2010). Violence risk assessment and facet 4 of the Psychopathy Checklist: Predicting institutional and community aggression in two forensic samples. Assessment, 17(2), 259-268.






Major Update: June 15, 2010

The following 74 references were added to the
Main Reference List and Download File

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Ali, F., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010). Investigating Theory of Mind deficits in nonclinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 169-174.

Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., & Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 174-193. [special issue]

Beck, J. C. (2010). Dangerous severe personality disorder: The controversy continues. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 277-288. [special issue]

Buckholtz, J. W., Treadway, M. T., Cowan, R. L., Woodward, N. D., Benning, S. D., Li, R., Ansari, M. S., Baldwin, R. M., Schwartzman, A. N., Shelby, E. S., Smith, C. E., Cole, D., Kessler, R. M., & Zald, D. H. (2010). Mesolimbic dopamine reward system hypersensitivity in individuals with psychopathic traits. Nature Neuroscience, 13(4), 419-421.

Chambers, J. C. (2010). An exploration of the mechanisms underlying the development of repeat and one-time violent offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(4), 310-323.

DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M. G., Beaver, K. M., & Wright, J. P. (2010). The Hannibal Lecter myth: Psychopathy and verbal intelligence in the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(2), 169-177.

de Vries, R., & van Kampen, D. (2010). The HEXACO and 5DPT models of personality: A comparison and their relationships with psychopathy, egoism, pretentiousness, immorality, and machiavellianism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(2), 244-257.

Dolan, M. C. (2010). What imaging tells us about violence in anti-social men. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 20(3), 199-214.

Fairchild, G., Stobbe, Y., van Goozen, S. H. M., Calder, A. J., & Goodyer, I. M. (in press). Facial expression recognition, fear conditioning, and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder. Biological Psychiatry.

Felthous, A. R., & Saß, H. (2010). Introduction to this issue: International perspectives on psychopathy: An update. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 121-128. [special issue]

Fulton, J. J., Marcus, D. K., & Payne, K. T. (2010). Psychopathic personality traits and risky sexual behavior in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(1), 29-33.

Furnham, A., Daoud, Y., Swami, V. (2009). ‘‘How to spot a psychopath’’ Lay theories of psychopathy. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44(6), 464-472.

Gao, Y., & Raine, A. (2010). Successful and unsuccessful psychopaths: A neurobiological model. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 194-210. [special issue]

Garcia, L. F., Aluja, A., Fibla, J., Cuevas, L., & Garcia, O. (2010). Incremental effect for antisocial personality disorder genetic risk combining 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms. Psychiatry Research, 177(1-2), 161-166.

Grieve, R., & Mahar, D. (2010). The emotional manipulation–psychopathy nexus: Relationships with emotional intelligence, alexithymia and ethical position. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(8), 945-950.

Gunter, T. D., Vaughn, M. G., & Philibert, R. A. (2010). Behavioral genetics in antisocial spectrum disorders and psychopathy: A review of the recent literature. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 148-173. [special issue]

Habermeyer, E., Passow, D., & Vohs, K. (2010). Is psychopathy elevated among criminal offenders who are under preventive detention pursuant to section 66 of the German penal code? Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 267-276. [special issue]

Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 446-454.

Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (in press). Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications. In L. Malatesti & J. McMillan (Eds.), Responsibility and psychopathy: Interfacing law, psychiatry and philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the Dark Triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432.

Jones, M., & Weston, D. (2010). Diagnosis and subtypes of adolescent Antisocial Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(2), 217-243.

Koenigs, M., Kruepke, M., & Newman, J. P. (2010). Economic decision-making in psychopathy: A comparison with ventromedial prefrontal lesion patients. Neuropsychologia, 48(7), 2198-2204.

Labree, W., Nijman, H., van Marle, H., & Rassin, E. (2010). Backgrounds and characteristics of arsonists. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33(3), 149-153.

Lawing, K., Frick, P. J., & Cruise, K. R. (2010). Differences in offending patterns between adolescent sex offenders high or low in callous-unemotional traits. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 298-305.

Leahy, D., O'Neill, D., & Hammond, S. (2010). An examination of gender differences in antisocial personality. Personality and Mental Health, 4(2), 133-145.

Lee, Z., Salekin, R. T., & Iselin, A.-M. R. (2010). Psychopathic traits in youth: Is there evidence for primary and secondary subtypes? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(3), 381-393.

Lewis, C. F. (2010). Childhood antecedents of adult violent offending in a group of female felons. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 224-234. [special issue]

Lindsay, W. R. , Hastings, R. P., & Beech, A. (in press). Introduction to the special issue on Forensic Research in Offenders with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Psychology, Crime & Law.

McKay, R., Stevens, C., & Fratzl, J. (2010). A 12-step process of white-collar crime. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 5(1/2), 14-25.

Mokros, A., Osterheider, M., Hucker, S. J., & Nitschke, J. (in press). Psychopathy and sexual sadism. Law and Human Behavior.

Morrissey, C., Cooke, D., Michie, C., Hollin, C., Hogue, T., Lindsay, W. R., & Taylor, J. L. (2010). Structural, item, and test generalizability of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised to offenders with intellectual disabilities. Assessment, 17(1), 16-29.

Müller, J. L. (2010). Psychopathy - an approach to neuroscientific research in forensic psychiatry. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 129-147. [special issue]

Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., Glover, N. G., Derefinko, K. J., Miller, J. D., & Widiger, T. A. (in press). The search for the successful psychopath. Journal of Research in Personality.

O'Leary, M. M., Taylor, J., & Eckel, L. (2010). Psychopathic personality traits and cortisol response to stress: The role of sex, type of stressor, and menstrual phase. Hormones and Behavior, 58(2), 250-256.

Osumi, T., & Ohira, H. (in press). The positive side of psychopathy: Emotional detachment in psychopathy and rational decision-making in the ultimatum game. Personality and Individual Differences.

Peters, D. C. (2010). Personality disorders and biosocial trait theories: The argument for radical legal reform. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 289-302. [special issue]

Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446.

Polaschek, D. L. L., & Ross, E. C. (2010). Do early therapeutic alliance, motivation, and stages of change predict therapy change for high-risk, psychopathic violent prisoners? Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 20(2), 100-111.

Poythress, N. G., Edens, J. F., Skeem, J. L., Lilienfeld, S. O., Douglas, K. S., Frick, P. J., Patrick, C. J., Epstein, M., & Wang, T. (2010). Identifying subtypes among offenders with antisocial personality disorder: A cluster-analystic study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(2), 389-400.

Roose, A., Bijttebier, P., Decoene, S., Claes, L., & Frick, P. J. (2010). Assessing the affective features of psychopathy in adolescence: A further validation of the inventory of callous and unemotional traits. Assessment, 17(1), 44-57.

Rossegger, A., Laubacher, A., Moskvitin, K., Villmar, T., Palermo, G. B., & Endrass, J. (in press). Risk assessment instruments in repeat offending: The usefulness of FOTRES. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology.

Rowe, R., Maughan, B., Moran, P., Ford, T., Briskman, J., & Goodman, R. (2010). The role of callous and unemotional traits in the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(6), 688-695.

Saleh, F. M., Malin, H. M., Grudzinskas, A. J., & Vitacco, M. J. (2010). Paraphilias with co-morbid psychopathy: The clinical and legal significance to sex offender assessments. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 211-223 . [special issue]

Salekin, R. T., Lee, Z., Schrum Dillard, C. L., & Kubak, F. A. (2010). Child psychopathy and protective factors: IQ and motivation to change. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 16(2), 158-176.

Salekin, R. T., Worley, C., & Grimes, R. D. (2010). Treatment of psychopathy: A review and brief introduction to the mental model mpproach for psychopathy. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 235-266. [special issue]

Scholte, E. M., Stoutjeskijk, R., Van Oudheusden, M. A. G., Lodewijks, H., & Van der Ploeg, J. D. (2010). Screening of egocentric and unemotional characteristics in incarcerated and community children. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33(3), 164-170.

Sheldon, K., Howells, K., & Patel, G. (2010). An empirical evaluation of reasons for non-completion of treatment in a dangerous and severe personality disorder unit. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 20(2), 129-143.

Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 433-445.

Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). One measure does not a construct make: Directions toward reinvigorating psychopathy research - Reply to Hare and Neumann (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 455-459.

Skovran, L. C. , Huss, M. T, & Scalora, M. J. (in press). Sexual fantasies and sensation seeking among psychopathic sexual offenders. Psychology, Crime & Law.

Sommer, M., Sodian, B., Döhnel, K., Schwerdtner, J., Meinhardt, J., & Hajak, G. (2010). In psychopathic patients emotion attribution modulates activity in outcome-related brain areas. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 182(2), 88-95.

Spidel, A., Lecomte, T., Greaves, C., Sahlstrom, K., & Yuille, J. C. (2010). Early psychosis and aggression: Predictors and prevalence of violent behaviour amongst individuals with early onset psychosis. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33(3), 171-176.

Sprague, J., & Verona, E. (2010). Emotional conditions disrupt behavioral control among individuals with dysregulated personality traits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119(2), 409-419.

Ullrich, S., & Coid, J. (2010). Antisocial Personality Disorder - Stable and unstable subtypes. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(2), 171-187.

van Baardewijk, Y., Andershed, H., Stegge, H., Nilsson, K. W., Scholte, E., & Vermeiren, R. (2010). Development and tests of short versions of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Child Version. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 122-128.

Veselka, L., Schermer, J. A., Martin, R. A., & Vernon, P. A. (2010). Relations between humor styles and the Dark Triad traits of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 772-774.

Viding, E., Hanscombe, K. B., Curtis, C. J. C., Davis, O. S. P., Meaburn, E. L., & Plomin, R. (2010). In search of genes associated with risk for psychopathic tendencies in children: A two-stage genome-wide association study of pooled DNA. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(7), 780-788.

Vrieze, S. I., & Grove, W. M. (2010). Multidimensional assessment of criminal recidivism: Problems, pitfalls, and proposed solutions. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 382-395.

Weizmann-Henelius, G., Putkonen, H., Grönroos, M., Lindberg, N., Eronen, M., & Häkkänen-Nyholm, H. (2010). Examination of psychopathy in female homicide offenders - Confirmatory factor analysis of the PCL-R. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33(3), 177-183.

Wood, J. M., Lilienfeld, S. O., Nezworski, M. T., Garb, H. N., Allen, K. H., & Wildermuth, J. L. (2010). Validity of Rorschach inkblot scores for discriminating psychopaths from nonpsychopaths in forensic populations: A meta-analysis. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 336-349.


Updated References (no longer in press)

Coid, J., & Ullrich, S. (2010). Antisocial personality disorder and anxiety disorder: A diagnostic variant? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(5), 452-460.

Craig, L. A., & Beech, A. R. (2010). Towards a guide to best practice in conducting actuarial risk assessments with sex offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(4), 278-293.

Daffern, M., Tonkin, M., Howells, K., Krishnan, G., Ijomah, G., & Milton, J. (2010). The impact of interpersonal style and perceived coercion on aggression and self-harm in personality disordered patients admitted to a secure psychiatric hospital. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(3), 426-445.

Hecht, D. (2010). Psychopathy and fearlessness: An interhemispheric imbalance perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 67(8), e51-e52.

Hillege, S., Das, J., & de Ruiter, C. (2010). The Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory: Psychometric properties and its relation to substance use and interpersonal style in a Dutch sample of non-referred adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(1), 83-91.

Kirkpatrick, T., Draycott, S., Freestone, M., Cooper, S., Twiselton, K., Watson, N., Evans, J., Hawes, V., Jones, L., Moore, C., Andrews, K., & Maden, T. (2010). A descriptive evaluation of patients and prisoners assessed for dangerous and severe personality disorder. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(2), 264-282.

Malterer, M. B., Lilienfeld, S. O., Neumann, C. S., & Newman, J. P. (2010). Concurrent validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory with offender and community samples. Assessment, 17(1), 3-15.

Maniglio, R. (2010). The role of deviant sexual fantasy in the etiopathogenesis of sexual homicide: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(4), 294-302.

Newhill, C. E., Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2010). Psychopathy scores reveal heterogeneity among patients with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(2), 202-220.

Rendell, J. A., Huss, M. T., & Jensen, M. L. (2010). Expert testimony and the effects of a biological approach, psychopathy, and juror attitudes in cases of insanity. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 28(3), 411-425.

Roberts, A. D. L., & Coid, J. W. (2010). Personality disorder and offending behaviour: Findings from the national survey of prisoners in England and Wales. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(2), 221-237.

Tetley, A. C., Hogue, T. E., & Evershed, S. (2010). Predictors of progression from high to medium secure services for personality disordered patients. Personality and Mental Health, 4(2), 108-120.

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